Table 2.

published in-vivo studies of Itk −/− mouse models challenged with parasites

study	Fowell et al., 1999 [33]	Fowell et al., 1999 [33]	Schaeffer et al., 1999 [37]	Schaeffer et al., 2001 [36]
Itk−/− background	BALB/c	BALB/c	C57BL6/J	C57BL6/J
parasite	Leishmania major	Nippostrongylus brasiliensis	Toxoplasma gondii	Schistosoma mansoni
induced immune response in wt	Th1	Th2	Th1	Th2
effects in Itk−/− vs wt	control of infection, IFNy ↑, IL-4 ↓	unable to expel adult worms from the intestines, IL-4 ↓	identical brain cyst count, near normal IFNy production upon ConA and STAg stimulation BUT decreased mean survival time	poor granulomatous responses: size of granuloma and draining lymph nodes ↓ᅟIL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 ↑, IFNy ↓