Table 3.
Top five causes of death by age group and period
| 1998–2007 | 1998–2001 | 2002–2004 | 2005–2007 | |||||||||
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| Age group and rank | Cause | No. of deaths | Cause-specific mortality rate per 1,000 PY (95% CI) | Cause | No. of deaths | Cause-specific mortality rate per 1,000 PY (95% CI) | Cause | No. of deaths | Cause-specific mortality rate per 1,000 PY (95% CI) | Cause | No. of deaths | Cause-specific mortality rate per 1,000 PY (95% CI) |
| <1 year | ||||||||||||
| 1 | ARI, including pneumonia | 64 | 5.59 (4.38–7.15) | Neonatal sepsis | 4 | 1.54 (0.58–4.11) | ARI, including pneumonia | 36 | 9.34 (6.74–13.00) | ARI, including pneumonia | 25 | 5.01 (3.38–7.41) |
| 2 | Malaria | 47 | 4.11 (3.09–5.47) | Malaria | 4 | 1.54 (0.58–4.11) | Malaria | 21 | 5.45 (3.55–8.36) | Malaria | 22 | 4.41 (2.90–6.69) |
| 3 | Neonatal sepsis | 31 | 2.71 (1.91–3.85) | ARI, including pneumonia | 3 | 1.16 (0.37–3.59) | Neonatal Sepsis | 21 | 5.45 (3.55–8.36) | Diarrhoeal diseases | 10 | 2.00 (1.08–3.72) |
| 4 | Diarrhoeal diseases | 24 | 2.10 (1.41–3.13) | Neonatal pneumonia | 2 | 0.77 (0.19–3.08) | Diarrhoeal diseases | 12 | 3.11 (1.77–5.48) | Neonatal sepsis | 6 | 1.20 (0.54–2.68) |
| 5 | HIV/AIDS-related | 14 | 1.22 (0.72–2.07) | Other neonatal causes | 2 | 0.77 (0.19–3.08) | Neonatal pneumonia | 9 | 2.33 (1.21–4.49) | HIV/AIDS-related | 6 | 1.20 (0.54–2.68) |
| Indeterminate | 11 | Indeterminate | 0 | Indeterminate | 7 | Indeterminate | 4 | |||||
| 1–4 years | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Malaria | 131 | 3.06 (2.58–3.63) | Malaria | 16 | 1.78 (1.09–2.91) | Malaria | 78 | 4.92 (3.94–6.14) | Malaria | 37 | 2.06 (1.49–2.84) |
| 2 | HIV/AIDS-related | 50 | 1.17 (0.89–1.54) | Diarrhoeal diseases | 2 | 0.22 (0.06–0.89) | HIV/AIDS-related | 27 | 1.70 (1.17–2.48) | HIV/AIDS-related | 23 | 1.28 (0.85–1.93) |
| 3 | ARI, including pneumonia | 45 | 1.05 (0.79–1.41) | ARI, including pneumonia | 1 | 0.11 (0.02–0.79) | ARI, including pneumonia | 25 | 1.58 (1.06–2.33) | ARI, including pneumonia | 19 | 1.06 (0.67–1.66) |
| 4 | Diarrhoeal diseases | 26 | 0.61 (0.41–0.89) | Severe malnutrition | 1 | 0.11 (0.02–0.79) | Diarrhoeal diseases | 13 | 0.82 (0.48–1.41) | Diarrhoeal diseases | 11 | 0.61 (0.34–1.11) |
| 5 | Severe malnutrition | 18 | 0.42 (0.26–0.67) | Meningitis and encephalitis | 1 | 0.11 (0.02–0.79) | Severe malnutrition | 7 | 0.44 (0.21–0.93) | Severe malnutrition | 10 | 0.56 (0.30–1.03) |
| Indeterminate | 9 | Indeterminate | 2 | Indeterminate | 4 | Indeterminate | 3 | |||||
| 5–14 years | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Malaria | 47 | 0.53 (0.40–0.70) | Malaria | 11 | 0.58 (0.32–1.05) | Malaria | 25 | 0.76 (0.51–1.12) | Malaria | 11 | 0.30 (0.17–0.54) |
| 2 | ARI, including pneumonia | 16 | 0.18 (0.11–0.29) | Acute abdomen | 6 | 0.32 (0.14–0.71) | HIV/AIDS-related | 6 | 0.18 (0.08–0.41) | ARI, including pneumonia | 6 | 0.16 (0.07–0.36) |
| 3 | Acute abdomen | 15 | 0.17 (0.10–0.28) | ARI, including pneumonia | 6 | 0.32 (0.14–0.71) | Acute abdomen | 6 | 0.18 (0.08–0.41) | HIV/AIDS-related | 6 | 0.16 (0.07–0.36) |
| 4 | HIV/AIDS-related | 14 | 0.16 (0.09–0.27) | External causes | 3 | 0.16 (0.05–0.49) | ARI, including pneumonia | 4 | 0.12 (0.05–0.32) | Acute abdomen | 3 | 0.08 (0.03–0.25) |
| 5 | External causes | 9 | 0.10 (0.05–0.19) | Meningitis and encephalitis | 3 | 0.16 (0.05–0.49) | External causes | 3 | 0.09 (0.03–0.28) | Meningitis and encephalitis | 3 | 0.08 (0.03–0.25) |
| Indeterminate | 8 | Indeterminate | 3 | Indeterminate | 4 | Indeterminate | 1 | |||||
| 15–59 years | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 107 | 0.68 (0.57–0.83) | ARI, including pneumonia | 23 | 0.76 (0.50–1.14) | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 44 | 0.75 (0.56–1.01) | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 44 | 0.65 (0.49–0.88) |
| 2 | Other infectious diseases | 107 | 0.68 (0.57–0.83) | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 19 | 0.62 (0.40–0.98) | Other infectious diseases | 44 | 0.75 (0.56–1.01) | Other infectious diseases | 44 | 0.65 (0.49–0.88) |
| 3 | ARI, including pneumonia | 78 | 0.50 (0.40–0.62) | Other infectious diseases | 19 | 0.62 (0.40–0.98) | ARI, including pneumonia | 37 | 0.63 (0.46–0.87) | Malaria | 27 | 0.40 (0.27–0.58) |
| 4 | Malaria | 61 | 0.39 (0.30–0.50) | Maternal causesa | 18 | 0.59 (0.37–0.94) | Maternal causesa | 25 | 0.43 (0.29–0.63) | HIV/AIDS-related | 19 | 0.28 (0.18–0.44) |
| 5 | Maternal causesa | 56 | 0.36 (0.28–0.47) | Acute abdomen | 15 | 0.49 (0.30–0.82) | HIV/AIDS-related | 24 | 0.41 (0.28–0.61) | ARI, including pneumonia | 18 | 0.27 (0.17–0.42) |
| Indeterminate | 47 | Indeterminate | 9 | Indeterminate | 21 | Indeterminate | 17 | |||||
| 60+ years | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 137 | 7.84 (6.63–9.27) | ARI, including pneumonia | 47 | 10.00 (7.79–14.00) | Stroke | 59 | 9.62 (7.45–12.00) | Stroke | 43 | 6.32 (4.69–8.52) |
| 2 | Other infectious diseases | 137 | 7.84 (6.63–9.27) | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 43 | 9.49 (7.04–13.00) | Other infectious diseases | 54 | 8.80 (6.74–11.00) | ARI, including pneumonia | 42 | 6.17 (4.56–8.35) |
| 3 | Stroke | 134 | 7.67 (6.48–9.09) | Other infectious diseases | 43 | 9.49 (7.04–13.00) | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 54 | 8.80 (6.74–11.00) | Pulmonary tuberculosis | 40 | 5.88 (4.31–8.02) |
| 4 | ARI, including pneumonia | 130 | 7.44 (6.27–8.84) | Stroke | 32 | 7.06 (4.99–9.99) | ARI, including pneumonia | 41 | 6.68 (4.92–9.08) | Other infectious diseases | 40 | 5.88 (4.31–8.02) |
| 5 | Malaria | 63 | 3.61 (2.82–4.62) | Malaria | 24 | 5.30 (3.55–7.90) | Acute abdomen | 20 | 3.26 (2.10–5.05) | Acute abdomen | 24 | 3.53 (2.36–5.26) |
| Indeterminate | 82 | Indeterminate | 28 | Indeterminate | 32 | Indeterminate | 22 | |||||
a
Rate based on person-time contributed by women aged 15–49 years who constitute the population at risk of maternal causes of death.