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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2014 Feb 15;123:3–16. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.02.004

Table 4.

Human pharmacogenetic studies of circadian system related genes and lithium therapy response. BD, bipolar disorder; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.

Gene and marker Subjects Finding Reference
NR1D1, rs4794826, rs2314339, rs2071427, rs2269457, rs12941497, rs939347, rs2071570 BD patients, European (N = 170) T allele carriers of rs2314339 SNP were associated with a worse response to lithium. Campos-de-Sousa et al. (2010)
NR1D1, rs12941497, rs939347 BD patients, European (59M, 140F) No association with lithium response Manchia et al. (2009b)
ARTNL, rs2279287, rs1982350, rs2278749; CLOCK, rs1801260, rs3736544, rs34897046; PER2, rs2304672; PER3, rs228729, rs228642, rs228666, rs228697, rs2859388, rs2640909 BD patients, Caucasian (N = 282) No association with lithium response McCarthy et al. (2011)
CRY1, rs8192440; NR1D1, rs2071427 BD patients, Caucasian (N = 282) Nominal associations between both SNPs and lithium response McCarthy et al. (2011)