Table 2.
Reported cases of mitral valve replacement in SLE patients.
| First author | Year | Age/sex | Disease | Mitral pathology | Type of surgery | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reilly [21] | 1988 | f/NR | SLE | MS | MVR, biologic valve | 24 m follow-up |
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| Hussain [22] | 1993 | f/NR | SLE | MS | MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
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|
Hoffer [23] Yilmaz [24] |
1999 2008 |
f/NR | SLE | MS restenosis |
MVR, mechanical valve Redo MVR |
Died in 3rd post-op dad due to cerebral hemorrhage |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/29 | SLE | MS (calcified, thickened leaflet) |
MVR, mechanical valve | Died on second day due to renal failure |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | m/59 | SLE | MS, AI (thickened, fibrotic, and scarring) |
AVR, MVR, and mechanical valve | NP |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/37 | SLE | MS (thickened, fibrotic) Recurrent MS (valve fixed in open position) |
MVR, mechanical valve Redo MVR, mechanical valve 1 year ago |
NP Died on day 4 due to valve thrombosis |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | m/45 | SLE | MS (fibrotic, calcified, and inflamed) |
MVR, biologic valve | NP |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/31 | SLE | MS (fused chordae) |
MVR, mechanical valve | NP |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/16 | SLE | MR (Libman-Sacks endocarditis) |
MVR | NP |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | m/30 | SLE | MR, AI (ruptured chordae, muciform degeneration) |
AVR/MVR, mechanical valve | NP |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/40 | SLE + APS | MS | MVR, biologic valve | 36 m follow-up |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/49 | SLE + APS | Libman-Sacks endocarditis | MVR, AVR, NR | NR |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/38 | SLE | MR (Libman-Sacks endocarditis) |
MVR, mechanical valve | NP |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/66 f/40 f/25 |
SLE | MS (calcified, thick) MR (prolapsed leaflet) MR, AI (perforated leaflet, endocarditis) |
MVR, NR MVR, NR AVR/MVR, NR |
NR NR NR |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/16 m/4 |
SLE SLE |
MR (fibrotic, calcified, thick, ulcerated valve and chordate) MS (thickened, fibrotic ring and chordae) |
MVR MVR |
NP Died after 3 years |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | m/44 | SLE | MR (fibrotic, ruptured chordae) |
MVR, NR | NR |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/39 | SLE + APS | MR (chordae rupture) |
MVR, biologic valve | 48 m follow-up |
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/17 | SLE | MR(fused chordae, thickened valve) |
MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
| f/40 | SLE | MR (dilated valve ring, fibrotic) |
MVR, mechanical valve | Mediastinitis | ||
| f/45 | MR (fibrotic, calcified, thick, and retracted) |
MVR, mechanical valve | NR | |||
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/23 | SLE | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | 12 m follow-up |
| f/45 | SLE | MR, AI (retracted, thick valve) |
MVR, AVR, and mechanical valve | 7 y follow-up | ||
| f/64 | SLE | MR (pink leaflet, fragile chordae) |
MVR, mechanical valve | 3 y follow-up | ||
|
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| Hakim [16] | 2001 | f/36 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, NP | Died at 1 year, hemorrhagic CVA |
|
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| Hasegawa [25] | 2001 | f/51 | SLE + APS | MS | MVR, NR | NR |
|
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| Lan [4] | 2005 | m/22 | SLE | MR | MVR, NR | NR |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/42 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/29 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, mechanical valve | 24 m follow-up |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/41 | SLE + APS | MR, MS | MVR, NR | 48 m follow-up |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/45 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, NR | NR |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/39 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, biologic valve | 108 m follow-up |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/46 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/31 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, mechanical valve | 2 m follow-up |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/48 f/43 f/38 f/51 f/54 |
SLE + APS SLE + APS SLE + APS SLE + APS SLE + APS |
NR NR NR NR NR |
MVR, mechanical valve, TV repair MVR, mechanical valve, TV repair MVR, mechanical valve MVR, mechanical valve MVR, mechanical valve |
Death in 1st day Death in 22nd day 32 m follow-up 33 m follow-up 6 m follow-up |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/31 | SLE + APS | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | 2 m follow-up |
|
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| Gorki [17] | 2008 | f/38 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/22 | SLE | MR (ruptured chordae, thickened valve) |
MVR, biologic valve | Alive 2 months post-op |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/18 | SLE | MR, MS (ruptured chordae, calcified, thickened fibrotic, scarring) |
MVR, biologic valve | Alive 4 months post-op |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/27 | SLE | MR (ruptured chordae) |
MVR, biologic valve | NP |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | m/51 | SLE | MR (ruptured chordae) |
MVR, biologic valve | NP |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/20 | SLE | MR (fused chordae) |
MVR, mechanical valve | CVA 17 months later |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | m/43 | SLE | MR (retracted, fused valve) |
MVR, mechanical valve | 4 y follow-up |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/54 | SLE | AI, MR (central perforation, vegetation) |
AVR/MVR, biologic valve | 26 m follow-up |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/22 f/67 |
SLE SLE |
MR (inflammatory, fibrinoid necrosis) MR (fibrotic, calcified) |
MVR, biologic valve MVR, mechanical valve |
NR died intraoperatively |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | m/34 | SLE | MS, AI (fibrotic, calcified, and thick) |
MVR, AVR, biologic valve | 30 m follow-up |
|
| ||||||
| Bouma [5] | 2010 | m/37 | SLE + APS | MR, AI | MVR, AVR, and biologic valve Redo MVR after 1 y |
Recurrent A-V fistula died 1 m after redoing MVR |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/49 | SLE + APS | NR | MVR, NR | NR |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/54 | SLE + APS | MR | MVR, biologic valve | Death 9 m postoperative |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/44 | SLE | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | 6 m follow-up |
|
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| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/57 | SLE + APS | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | MI in 2nd day, 2 m follow-up |
|
| ||||||
| Bouma [5] | 2010 | f/28 | SLE + APS | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
|
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| Kondo [26] | 2010 | f/56 | SLE + secondary amyloidosis | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | New vegetation on replaced valve and multiorgan failure caused her death 3 m later |
|
| ||||||
| Bouma [5] | 2010 | m/56 | SLE | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | 18 m follow-up |
|
| ||||||
| Colli [27] | 2010 | m/37 f/32 |
SLE + APS SLE + APS |
MR | MVR, mechanical valve MVR, biologic valve |
Died on 8th day postoperative to massive ischemic stroke 5-year follow-up |
|
| ||||||
| Morisaki [28] | 2012 | f/41 | SLE + APS | MS, MR | MVR | NR |
|
| ||||||
| Nowicka [12] | 2012 | f/24 | SLE | MR | MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
|
| ||||||
| Soeiro [29] | 2012 | f/45 | SLE + APS | MS, early structural valve deterioration, MVR (biologic valve) due to endocarditis 9 y ago | MVR, mechanical valve | NR |
|
| ||||||
| El-Mohamady [30] | 2013 | f/30 | SLE + APS | MS, history of acute myocardial infarction and cerebral thromboembolic events | MVR, biologic valve | NR |
AI: aortic insufficiency, APS: antiphospholipid syndrome, AS: aortic stenosis, AVR: aortic valve replacement, CABG: coronary artery bypass graft, CAD: coronary artery disease, CHF: congestive heart failure, CVA: cerebrovascular accident f: female, m: male, m: month(s), MR: mitral regurgitation, MS: mitral stenosis, MVR: mitral valve replacement, NR: not reported, OMVC: open mitral valve commissurotomy, RF: rheumatic fever, SLE: systemic lupus erythematous, TIA: transient ischemic attack, TV: tricuspid valve, VF: ventricular fibrillation, and y: year.