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. 2014 Nov 5;5:601. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00601

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Copyright © 2014 Moujahed, Frati, Cusumano, Salerno, Conti, Peri and Colazza.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Response of experienced T. basalis females in a Y-tube olfactometer to volatiles from V. faba plants subjected to above-ground and below-ground treatments versus healthy plants. Plant treatments: N. viridula feeding and oviposition; S. lineatus adult leaf-feeding; N. viridula feeding and oviposition and S. lineatus adult leaf-feeding; mechanical damage; N. viridula feeding and oviposition and mechanical damage; S. lineatus larvae root-nodules feeding and above- + below-ground treatment (N. viridula feeding and oviposition and S. lineatus larvae root-nodules feeding). n = number of replicates. Bars represent mean (± SEM) of the time spent by wasp females in each arm over an observation period of 600 s (ns = not significant; * = P < 0.05).