Table 3.
Hours of sleep, perceived general health, family history of cancer, cancer screening participation, and bowel movement of members of the NLCS-Meat Investigation Cohort by meat consumption status
| |
Men |
Women |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
All confirmed vegetarians, pescetarians and low meat consumers from the total cohort |
Random sample of meat consumers from the total cohort |
|
Self-reported vegetarians |
All confirmed vegetarians, pescetarians and low meat consumers from the total cohort |
Random sample of meat consumers from the total cohort |
|
Self-reported vegetarians |
||||||
| |
Vegetarian |
Pescetarian |
1 day/wk |
2–5 day/wk |
6–7 day/wk |
|
|
Vegetarian |
Pescetarian |
1 day/wk |
2–5 day/wk |
6–7 day/wk |
|
|
| n = 217 | n = 152 | n = 482 | n = 1326 | n = 2973 | P b | n = 416 | n = 485 | n = 242 | n = 914 | n = 1639 | n = 2676 | P b | n = 734 | |
| Hours of sleep per day (h) |
7.8 ± 1.1c |
7.7 ± 0.9 |
7.8 ± 1.1 |
7.8 ± 1.1 |
7.8 ± 1.1 |
0.34 |
7.8 ± 1.1 |
7.6 ± 1.1 |
7.6 ± 1.1 |
7.5 ± 1.3 |
7.6 ± 1.2 |
7.6 ± 1.1 |
0.28 |
7.6 ± 1.1 |
| Perceived general health (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Excellent |
25% |
22% |
19% |
18% |
18% |
0.12 |
24% |
20% |
20% |
14% |
13% |
13% |
<0.001 |
20% |
| Reasonable/good |
69% |
72% |
71% |
75% |
74% |
|
72% |
70% |
67% |
72% |
77% |
79% |
|
70% |
| Poor/bad |
6% |
7% |
10% |
7% |
8% |
|
4% |
10% |
13% |
14% |
9% |
7% |
|
11% |
| Family history of cancer at baseline (first degree) (% yes) |
40% |
47% |
45% |
43% |
46% |
0.57 |
42% |
47% |
43% |
50% |
46% |
48% |
0.20 |
48% |
| Cancer screening (women only) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cervical Smear (% yes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
73% |
73% |
74% |
76% |
73% |
0.50 |
74% |
| Breast cancer screening (% yes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23% |
25% |
29% |
32% |
28% |
0.031 |
26% |
| Bowel movement (men only) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| >2 times per day |
7% |
5% |
5% |
3% |
3% |
<0.001 |
6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1–2 times per day |
43% |
46% |
35% |
34% |
35% |
|
44% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Once a day |
48% |
45% |
54% |
57% |
56% |
|
47% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Every two days or less |
2% |
3% |
6% |
7% |
6% |
|
3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Constipation frequency (men only) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
55% |
62% |
46% |
53% |
56% |
0.008 |
53% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Seldom |
36% |
27% |
40% |
34% |
33% |
|
36% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sometimes or more often | 9% | 11% | 13% | 13% | 11% | 12% | ||||||||
aExcluding prevalent cancer cases at baseline.
bP values are derived from one way anova for continuous variables and from a chi2 test for categorical variables comparing the five meat consumption groups (vegetarian, pescetarian, 1 day/wk-, 2–5 day/wk-, and 6–7 day/wk meat consumers).
cMean ± SD, all such values.