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. 2014 Nov 5;5:561. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00561

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Copyright © 2014 Tanaka, Ishima, Enoki, Kimachi, Shirai, Watanabe, Chuang, Maruyama and Otagiri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative inhibitory effect of HSA–Trx or Tamiflu^® on influenza-infected mice. HSA–Trx (3.5 nmol/mouse) was administered intravenously at 4 and 6 days after virus infection. Tamiflu^® (5 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitonealy every day at 2 times per day for a total of 4 days starting on 2 day after the influenza infection. The numbers of (A) total cells and (B) neutrophils, or (C) protein concentration in BALF were determined at 8 days after virus infection. (D) Sections of pulmonary tissue were prepared at 8 days after virus infection, and subjected to histopathological examination (HE staining). Magnifications: ×40 in (D); ×200 in (E). Each value represents the mean ± SE (n = 5). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 as compared with saline. ^#P < 0.05 as compared with HSA–Trx.