Table 2.
Hospital events and complications
| Events and Complications | Total (n=188) | No Progression (n=95) | Progression Alone (n=44) | Progression with Death (n=39) | Death Alone (n=10) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reason for admission | ||||||
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 50 (27) | 30 (32) | 8 (18) | 10 (26) | 2 (20) | 0.33 |
| Refractory ascites/edema | 23 (12) | 11 (12) | 7 (16) | 5 (13) | 0 (0) | 0.53 |
| AKI | 22 (12) | 12 (13) | 7 (16) | 1 (3) | 2 (20) | 0.23 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 14 (7) | 8 (8) | 2 (5) | 3 (8) | 1 (10) | 0.97 |
| Abdominal pain | 14 (7) | 5 (5) | 5 (11) | 2 (5) | 2 (20) | 0.67 |
| Jaundice | 10 (5) | 5 (5) | 1 (2) | 3 (8) | 1 (10) | 0.58 |
| Transplant work-up | 6 (3) | 5 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0.43 |
| SBP | 6 (3) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (5) | 1 (10) | 0.21 |
| Other | 39 (21) | 17 (18) | 12 (27) | 13 (33) | 0 (0) | 0.45 |
| Child–Pugh classa | <0.001b | |||||
| A | 4 (2) | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| B | 60 (32) | 42 (45) | 14 (32) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | |
| C | 123 (66) | 48 (51) | 30 (68) | 35 (90) | 10 (100) | |
| Hospital complications | ||||||
| UTI | 53 (28) | 14 (15) | 18 (41) | 16 (41) | 5 (50) | <0.001 |
| SBP | 37 (20) | 12 (13) | 11 (25) | 12 (31) | 2 (20) | 0.002 |
| Pneumonia | 35 (19) | 11 (12) | 4 (9) | 15 (38) | 5 (50) | <0.001 |
| Bacteremia | 33 (18) | 11 (12) | 8 (18) | 11 (28) | 3 (30) | 0.06 |
| ICU admission | 90 (48) | 24 (25) | 20 (45) | 38 (97) | 8 (80) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 62 (33) | 9 (9) | 13 (30) | 34 (87) | 6 (60) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor therapy | 49 (26) | 6 (6) | 8 (18) | 29 (74) | 6 (60) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis | 44 (23) | 0 (0) | 16 (36) | 27 (69) | 1 (10) | <0.001 |
| Child–Pugh score | 10.5 (9–12) | 10 (8–11) | 10 (9–12) | 12 (11–13) | 12.5 (11–14) | <0.001 |
| MELD scorea | 26.3±9.5 | 22.1±8.4 | 26.5±6.9 | 34.3±9.3 | 34.3±6.1 | <0.001 |
| Serum sodium at enrollment (mmol/L) | 133 (130–138) | 134 (130–137) | 132 (128–137) | 133 (130–138) | 134 (124–143) | 0.31 |
| Hyponatremia at enrollmentc | 62 (33) | 29 (31) | 17 (39) | 13 (33) | 3 (30) | 0.30 |
| WBC (n=170) (×1000/µl) | 7.4 (5–10.9) | 6.1 (4.4–8.5) | 7.2 (5.2–10.1) | 12.4 (7.3–10.3) | 13.9 (10.4–14) | <0.001 |
| Hbg (n=170) (g/dl) | 8.7 (7.9–10.1) | 8.9 (8.2–10.1) | 8.8 (7.3–10.3) | 8.1 (7.5–9.1) | 8.3 (8–11.1) | 0.02 |
| AST (n=155) (U/L) | 64 (39–113) | 56 (39–89) | 50 (32–88) | 118 (49–276) | 116 (69–272) | <0.001 |
| ALT (n=155) (U/L) | 33 (18–51) | 29 (20–46) | 23 (14–47) | 39 (24–106) | 44 (30–79) | 0.001 |
| Midodrine | 80 (45) | 32 (34) | 25 (57) | 23 (59) | 6 (60) | <0.001 |
| Octreotide | 81 (46) | 32 (34) | 25 (57) | 24 (62) | 7 (70) | <0.001 |
| Length of stayd | 12 (6–19) | 9 (6–14) | 16 (10–35) | 15 (8–31) | 17 (5–26) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as the mean±SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). P values were calculated using the universal F test across four groups. UTI, urinary tract infection; ICU, intensive care unit; MELD, model for end stage liver disease; WBC, white blood cell count; Hgb, hemoglobin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.
a
Child–Pugh class and MELD score are at the time of enrollment.
b
Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test.
c
Serum sodium <130 mEq/L.
d
Days from admission until discharge or death.