Table 4.
Association of biomarkers with the AKI progression and mortality
| Urine Biomarker (Log-Transformed)a | No Progression versus Progression without Death | No Progression versus Progression with Death | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI) | Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)b | |
| Tubular injury marker | ||||
| NGAL | 2.24 (1.25 to 4.00) | 1.70 (0.82 to 3.54) | 5.18 (2.55 to 10.52) | 2.30 (0.94 to 5.60) |
| IL-18 | 1.33 (0.64 to 2.80) | 1.31 (0.55 to 3.14) | 4.92 (2.40 to 10.09) | 4.09 (1.56 to 10.70) |
| KIM-1 | 1.10 (0.66 to 1.81) | 0.95 (0.52 to 1.72) | 2.98 (1.42 to 6.24) | 3.13 (1.20 to 8.17) |
| L-FABP | 1.71 (0.96 to 3.06) | 1.86 (0.94 to 3.67) | 4.23 (2.20 to 8.15) | 3.43 (1.54 to 7.64) |
| Tubular function marker | ||||
| FENa | 0.59 (0.30 to 1.16) | 0.57 (0.25 to 1.31) | 1.24 (0.65 to 2.35) | 1.25 (0.52 to 2.97) |
| Glomerular injury marker | ||||
| Albumin | 1.26 (0.79 to 1.99) | 1.14 (0.65 to 1.98) | 2.48 (1.48 to 4.17) | 2.07 (1.05 to 4.10) |
RR, relative risk; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
a
Biomarkers are log10 transformed and RRs are per log-unit change.
b
Adjusted for CKD stage, demographics (race, age, and sex), MELD score, and serum sodium.