Table 4.

Summary of data from human studies investigating the effects of RS on TEE. All data relative to a DS meal. A blank cell indicates that this data was not collected.

RS effect on:	Population	Duration (hours)	Energy Intake	TEF	TEE	RQ
Sands et al ((Sands, Leidy et al. 2009))	Healthy M & F	4	Fixed: 50g available CHO		=
Ranganthan et al ((Ranganathan 1994))	Healthy M	3 RQ=12	Fixed: 30g total CHO	= (^)	= (^)	= (^)
Keogh et al ((Keogh, Lau et al. 2007))	Healthy F	3	Fixed: SR, MM @ breakfast & lunch	=	=
Tagliabue et al ((Tagliabue, Raben et al. 1995))	Healthy M	5	Fixed:50g total CHO	=	↓	↓
Heijnen et al ((Heijnen, Deurenberg et al. 1995))	Healthy M	5	Fixed: 50g total CHO	↓
Higgins et al ((Higgins, Higbee et al. 2004))	Healthy M & F	24	Fixed: SR, MM		=	↓
Howe et al ((Howe, Rumpler et al. 1996))	Healthy & hyperinsulinemic M	14 weeks 24h TEE	Fixed: SR, MM 14 weeks, 1g CHO/kg body weight		=	=

M, males

F, females

CHO, carbohydrate

SR, starch replacement

MM, mixed meal

^{^}RS4 effects relative to cellulose (fiber)

^#RS2 and RS3 relative to DS