Table 2.

World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended collaborative tuberculosis (TB)/HIV activities (adapted from[10])

Key area	Points of action
Establish and strengthen the mechanisms for delivering integrated TB and HIV services	Set up and strengthen a coordinating body for collaborative TB/HIV activities
	Determine the HIV prevalence among TB patients and the TB prevalence among HIV patients
	Carry out joint TB/HIV planning to integrate the delivery of TB and HIV services
	Monitor and evaluate collaborative TB/HIV activities
Reduce the burden of TB in people living with HIV (early ART plus the three Is)	Intensify TB case finding and ensure high quality TB treatment
	Initiate TB prevention using isoniazid preventive therapy and early antiretroviral therapy (ART)
	Ensure control of TB infection in healthcare facilities and congregate settings
Reduce the burden of HIV in patients with diagnosed TB and those under investigation for TB	Provide HIV testing and counseling to both groups of patients
	Provide HIV preventive interventions to both groups of patients
	Provide co-trimoxazole preventive therapy for TB patients living with HIV
	Provide HIV prevention interventions, treatment and care for TB patients living with HIV
	Provide antiretroviral therapy for TB patients living with HIV