Fig. 1.
Depth–dose distributions of the proton beam produced at the IFJ PAN Kraków (nominal energy 60 MeV) measured in a water phantom using a Marcus ion chamber. Upper panel: pristine beam; lower panel: SOBP. Arrows indicate positions at which cells (human fibroblasts) were irradiated: near (at 27.85 mm) the maximum of the Bragg peak in a pristine beam, and at three depths (2, 15, and 27 mm) of the SOBP of full width 28.4 mm