Figure 4. Y-tube olfactometer assays of An. stephensi females that were given a choice between live vs. dead caterpillars of two moth species.

The figure shows the percentage of female An. stephensi (±95% binomial confidence intervals (C.I.) that were attracted to live fourth instar larvae of Heliothis subflexa or Manduca sexta (black bars) versus dead caterpillars killed by freezing and then thawed back to room temperature (light bars). Asterisks denote significantly different levels of attraction (Chi-square 2×2 test of independence; *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; N = 90).