Table 2. Antiretroviral medication regimens in included studies.

Regimen	Purpose: PMTCT Prophylaxis*	Purpose: Treatment for the Mother	Notes
Single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP)	One intrapartum dose taken at thebeginning of a woman’s labor	N/A	Introduced in 2000, this regimen is no longer recommended by WHO unless as part of combination PMTCT (Option A)
Option A	For pregnant women living with HIV with CD4>350	For pregnant women with CD4 cells <350 or clinical Stage 3–4 disease
	(a) Antepartum: Antenatal zidovudine(AZT) twice daily starting as early as14 weeks gestation	Triple antiretroviral medications (ARVs) often combined within a single pill (a “fixed dose combination”) that is taken twice daily, starting as soon asdiagnosed and continued for life
	(b) Intrapartum: at onsent of labor, sdNVP and AZT every 3 hours and lamivudine (3TC) every 12 hours until delivery
	(c) Postpartum: twice daily AZT/3TC for 7 days
Option B	Triple ARVs starting as early as 14 weeks gestation and continuedintrapartum and throughchildbirth if not breastfeedingor until 1 week after cessation of breastfeeding	Triple ARVs starting assoon as diagnosed,continued for life	Under WHO’s 2010 PMTCT ARV guidance, countries have the option to choose between two prophylaxis regimens for pregnant women living with HIV: Option A and Option B.
Option B+	Triple ARVs starting as soon asdiagnosed, continued for life	Triple ARVs starting assoon as diagnosed,continued for life	Option B+ was conceived and implemented in Malawi in 2011. In April 2012, WHO released a programmatic update in which it urged countries to consider Option B and B+

*PMTCT prophylaxis refers to the use of ARV drugs solely for the purpose of reducing the risk of vertical transmission when a woman is not on standard ART for therapeutic reasons.