Table 4.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) associated with markers of systemic inflammation (CRP, IL-6, sTNF-RI & sTNF –RII) and markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes) in the SBES cohort (n = 397)
| Biomarker | EA cases/total | Unadjusted HR(95% CI) |
Adjusted for agea and gender HR(95% CI) |
Adjusted for age, gender, WHRb, smokingc and NSAID used HR(95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRP (mg/L)e | ||||
| All participants | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 15/192 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 28/194 | 1.83 (0.98–3.43) | 1.98 (1.05–3.73) | 1.77 (0.93–3.37) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (0.1-) | 6/95 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (0.9-) | 9/97 | 1.29 (0.46–3.63) | 1.18 (0.42–3.32) | 1.05 (0.37–2.99) |
| Q3 (1.9-) | 15/95 | 2.35 (0.91–6.06) | 2.29 (0.89–5.92) | 2.12 (0.81–5.56) |
| Q4 (3.6-) | 13/99 | 1.90 (0.72–5.01) | 2.06 (0.78–5.44) | 1.55 (0.56–4.24) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | |
| Males | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 12/155 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 28/165 | 2.31 (1.18–4.55) | 2.21 (1.12–4.36) | 1.93 (0.96–3.89) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (0.1-) | 5/79 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (0.9-) | 7/76 | 1.20 (0.38–3.77) | 1.20 (0.38–3.79) | 1.09 (0.34–3.49) |
| Q3 (1.8-) | 15/84 | 2.74 (0.99–7.55) | 2.55 (0.92–7.02) | 2.33 (0.83–6.51) |
| Q4 (3.4-) | 13/81 | 2.37 (0.85–6.66) | 2.36 (0.84–6.62) | 1.76 (0.60–5.15) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | ||||
| All participants | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 15/197 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 30/197 | 2.06 (1.11–3.82) | 1.95 (1.03–3.72) | 1.79 (0.93–3.43) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (0.4-) | 7/98 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (1.3-) | 8/99 | 1.14 (0.41–3.15) | 0.95 (0.34–2.66) | 0.82 (0.29–2.34) |
| Q3 (1.9-) | 19/99 | 2.74 (1.15–6.52) | 2.35 (0.96–5.77) | 1.93 (0.78–4.79) |
| Q4 (3.1-) | 11/98 | 1.65 (0.64–4.24) | 1.40 (0.52–3.78) | 1.17 (0.42–3.26) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.64 | 0.94 | 0.87 | |
| Males | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 10/161 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 31/161 | 3.19 (1.57–6.52) | 2.85 (1.38–5.92) | 2.52 (1.19–5.33) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (0.4-) | 6/81 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (1.3-) | 4/80 | 0.67 (0.19–2.36) | 0.56 (0.16–2.01) | 0.53 (0.15–1.89) |
| Q3 (1.8-) | 18/80 | 3.06 (1.21–7.71) | 2.51 (0.96–6.51) | 2.04 (0.77–5.41) |
| Q4 (2.9-) | 13/81 | 2.25 (0.86–5.93) | 1.77 (0.64–4.86) | 1.56 (0.55–4.43) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.81 | |
| sTNF-I (ng/ml) | ||||
| All participants | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 18/197 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 27/197 | 1.62 (0.89–2.93) | 1.29 (0.69–2.42) | 0.99 (0.51–1.92) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (0.3-) | 11/98 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (1.1-) | 7/99 | 0.64 (0.25–1.64) | 0.56 (0.22–1.45) | 0.60 (0.23–1.56) |
| Q3 (1.4-) | 13/98 | 1.24 (0.55–2.76) | 0.94 (0.41–2.15) | 0.87 (0.38–1.98) |
| Q4 (1.7-) | 14/99 | 1.41 (0.64–3.10) | 1.02 (0.44–2.37) | 0.68 (0.27–1.68) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.18 | 0.68 | 0.69 | |
| Males | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 17/161 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 24/161 | 1.56 (0.84–2.90) | 1.23 (0.63–2.41) | 0.95 (0.47–1.94) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (0.3-) | 11/80 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (1.1-) | 6/81 | 0.51 (0.19–1.37) | 0.47 (0.17–1.26) | 0.51 (0.19–1.38) |
| Q3 (1.4-) | 12/80 | 1.10 (0.48–2.49) | 0.85 (0.36–2.00) | 0.73 (0.31–1.74) |
| Q4 (1.7-) | 12/81 | 1.23 (0.54–2.80) | 0.88 (0.36–2.14) | 0.66 (0.26–1.71) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.30 | 0.83 | 0.57 | |
| sTNF-II (ng/ml) | ||||
| All participants | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 15/197 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 30/197 | 2.23 (1.20–4.15) | 1.90 (0.98–3.67) | 1.78 (0.90–3.52) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (1.6-) | 8/98 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (4.7-) | 7/99 | 0.83 (0.30–2.29) | 0.78 (0.28–2.17) | 0.81 (0.29–2.25) |
| Q3 (5.4-) | 13/98 | 1.68 (0.70–4.05) | 1.46 (0.59–3.61) | 1.47 (0.59–3.70) |
| Q4 (6.4-) | 17/99 | 2.44 (1.05–5.66) | 1.95 (0.76–4.95) | 1.75 (0.68–4.49) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.22 | 0.75 | 0.86 | |
| Males | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 14/161 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 27/161 | 2.18 (1.14–4.16) | 1.81 (0.91–3.62) | 1.63 (0.80–3.34) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (1.6-) | 8/80 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (4.7-) | 6/81 | 0.69 (0.24–1.98) | 0.62 (0.21–1.80) | 0.69 (0.24–2.00) |
| Q3 (5.3-) | 12/80 | 1.52 (0.62–3.72) | 1.27 (0.50–3.23) | 1.28 (0.50–3.30) |
| Q4 (6.4-) | 15/81 | 2.17 (0.92–5.14) | 1.59 (0.60–4.19) | 1.44 (0.54–3.83) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.20 | 0.78 | 0.78 | |
| Isoprostanes (pg/ml) | ||||
| All participants | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 27/186 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 18/191 | 0.60 (0.33–1.09) | 0.69 (0.38–1.26) | 0.56 (0.30–1.03) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (14-) | 13/90 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (41-) | 14/96 | 0.98 (0.46–2.09) | 1.18 (0.55–2.53) | 0.93 (0.43–2.02) |
| Q3 (53-) | 10/98 | 0.68 (0.30–1.54) | 0.76 (0.33–1.74) | 0.61 (0.26–1.41) |
| Q4 (74-) | 8/93 | 0.52 (0.22–1.26) | 0.74 (0.30–1.85) | 0.46 (0.18–1.20) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.34 | 0.92 | 0.41 | |
| Males | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Below | 23/143 | REF | REF | REF |
| Above | 18/157 | 0.74 (0.40–1.36) | 0.79 (0.42–1.46) | 0.64 (0.34–1.20) |
| Quartiles | ||||
| Q1 (14-) | 11/74 | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 (40-) | 12/79 | 1.03 (0.45–2.33) | 1.18 (0.52–2.69) | 0.98 (0.43–2.27) |
| Q3 (51-) | 11/80 | 0.96 (0.42–2.21) | 1.04 (0.45–2.41) | 0.80 (0.34–1.88) |
| Q4 (66-) | 7/77 | 0.55 (0.21–1.43) | 0.66 (0.25–1.72) | 0.47 (0.18–1.25) |
| Continuous p-trend* | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.54 | |
a
Age was modeled as a continuous variable.
b
Waist to Hip Ratio was modeled as a continuous variable.
c
Cigarette smoking was modeled as pack-years smoked, never smokers were assigned a pack-year value of 0.
d
NSAID use was modeled as current vs. non-current users of NSAIDs at the baseline visit.
e
CRP measurements over 10 mg/L were excluded from the analysis.
*
Test for trend was based on the likelihood-ratio test associated with addition of the variable under consideration in its continuous form