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Production of ketone bodies and potential primary anticonvulsant mechanisms: 1 GABA neurotransmitter (neuronal hyperpolarization and membrane channels; (2) inactivation of VGLUT and inhibition of glutamate neurotransmitter; 3 modified concentrations of biogenic monoamines; and 4 antioxidant mechanism of diminishing reactive oxygen species. For more information, please see text.
