Table 4. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) from foods only, DII from vitamin supplements, and colorectal cancer risk; IWHS, 1986-2010.
| # cases | HRa, 95% CI | HRb, 95% CI | # cases | HRa, 95% CI | HRb, 95% CI | # cases | HRa, 95% CI | HRb, 95% CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DII from foods onlyc | Colorectal cancer | Colon cancer | Rectal cancer | ||||||||
| Continuous | 1636 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.14) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) | 1329 | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) | 325 | 1.11 (0.99, 1.24) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.31) | ||
| Quintilesd | |||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 294 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) | 237 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) | 58 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 323 | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.26) | 271 | 1.15 (0.96, 1.37) | 1.10 (0.91, 1.32) | 60 | 1.07 (0.74, 1.54) | 1.07 (0.73, 1.56) | ||
| Quintile 3 | 338 | 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.33) | 268 | 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) | 73 | 1.35 (0.95, 1.92) | 1.37 (0.93, 2.01) | ||
| Quintile 4 | 351 | 1.21 (1.03, 1.43) | 1.16 (0.97, 1.40) | 293 | 1.23 (1.03, 1.47) | 1.16 (0.95, 1.43) | 61 | 1.16 (0.80, 1.68) | 1.20 (0.79, 1.84) | ||
| Quintile 5 | 330 | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) | 260 | 1.12 (0.93, 1.35) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 73 | 1.43 (0.99, 2.05) | 1.48 (0.94, 2.34) | ||
| P-trend | 0.004 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.13 | |||||
| DII from supplementse | |||||||||||
| Continuous | 1636 | 1.04 (0.99-1.10) | 1.02 (0.97-1.08) | 1329 | 1.04 (0.98-1.09) | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | 325 | 1.05 (0.93-1.17) | 1.02 (0.91-1.15) | ||
| Categoriesf | |||||||||||
| 1 (N=5,824) | 273 | 0.91 (0.79-1.04) | 0.94 (0.82-1.09) | 226 | 0.84 (0.69-1.02) | 0.84 (0.69-1.03) | 52 | 1.10 (0.74-1.64) | 1.10 (0.73-1.64) | ||
| 2 (N=5,824) | 236 | 0.81 (0.70-0.94) | 0.84 (0.73-0.98) | 186 | 0.91 (0.74-1.11) | 0.89 (0.72-1.09) | 53 | 1.30 (0.88-1.92) | 1.21 (0.81-1.81) | ||
| 3 (N=5,826) | 256 | 0.89 (0.77-1.02) | 0.89 (0.77-1.03) | 199 | 1.09 (0.94-1.27) | 1.05 (0.90-1.23) | 61 | 1.08 (0.79-1.49) | 1.02 (0.74-1.42) | ||
| 4 (N=17,229) | 871 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) | 718 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) | 159 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) | ||
| P-trend | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.56 | 0.88 | |||||
Adjusted for age and the other DII variable
Adjusted for age, the other DII variable, BMI, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, HRT use, education, diabetes, and total energy intake.
These are for foods only, exclusive of supplement intake
Reference category is the lowest (i.e., most anti-inflammatory) quintile; increasing quintiles of DII from food groups represent increasing inflammatory scores
This is obtained by subtracting the DII score for foods only from the DII derived by including both foods and supplements.
Reference category represents non-supplement users; categories 1-3 represent tertiles of the DII from supplement users. Category 1 represents women with the greatest contribution from supplements to the DII score. DII score median (range): Categories 1: -3.00 (<-2.0552); 2: -1.31 (-2.0552 to -0.7616); 3: -0.34 (-0.7615 to 0.0000); 4: 0.00 (0.0000 to 0.1765)