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. 2014 May 13;231(23):4517–4526. doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3597-z

Table 1.

Means and standard errors for demographics, questionnaire results, and CO levels, separated by group

Means and standard errors of questionnaires
Non-smoker mean (SE) Smoker mean (SE) t
Caucasian 84 % 81 %
Male 56 % 61 %
Educationa 3.13 (0.22) 2.65 (0.17) 1.68+
Age (years) 38.38 (2.79) 36.90 (2.51) 0.39
Monthly income ($) 2,080 (301) 2,055 (447) .047
Information Inventory 10.13 (0.58) 8.52 (0.63) 1.88
MASTb 3.00 (0–8) 12 (0–33) 197.00*
SOGSb 0.00 (0–1.75) 1.00 (0–5) 292.50*
CO (ppm) 1.97 (0.13) 9.35 (0.34) −20.15c*

aEducation was measured using seven categories and participants were asked about their highest level of obtained education: 1 = did not complete high school, 2 = high school degree or equivalent, 3 = associate degree, 4 = bachelors degree, 5 = graduate degree, 6 = doctorate degree or equivalent

bMedian and interquartile ranges (25 % and 75 % percentiles) reported instead of mean and standard error. Shapiro–Wilk test for normality indicates that scores are not normally distributed. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test reported in place of t-test

cViolation of Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances, equal variances not assumed

*p < 0.05