Table 1.
Study participant characteristics
| Variables | T2DM (n = 37) | Healthy (n = 37) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 17 (47) | 19 (51) | 0.56 |
| Age (years) | 63 ± 9 | 52 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.5 ± 4.8 | 25.9 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| Waist:hip (ratio) | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.1 | 0.002 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 3 (8) | 3 (8) | 0.97 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 25 (66) | 10 (27) | 0.001 |
| Normotensive, n (%) | 15 (39) | 28 (76) | 0.002 |
| 24ABPM systolic BP (mmHg) | 134 ± 13 | 130 ± 11 | 0.21 |
| 24ABPM diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 ± 8 | 79 ± 6 | 0.016 |
| Daytime systolic BP (mmHg) | 138 ± 14 | 136 ± 13 | 0.50 |
| Nighttime systolic BP (mmHg) | 119 ± 12 | 113 ± 11 | 0.016 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 6 ± 6 | - | - |
| Antihypertensive medications, n (%) | 24 (63) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Oral hypoglycemic medications, n (%) | 26 (68) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Urinary albumin (mg/L) | 9.00 ± 11.19 | 7.85 ± 7.59 | 0.60 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 5 (13) | 0 (0) | 0.016 |
| Statin, n (%) | 25 (66) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (%) | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (IU/mL) | 10.2 ± 8.6 | 2.4 ± 4.7 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.003 |
Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or %. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; 24ABPM, 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein. P is for between group analyses.