Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of resting hemodynamics and gray matter volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy participants
| Brain MRI variable | Independent variable | β unstandardized (95% CI) | β standardized | P value | Model adjusted R 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2DM | |||||
| Gray matter/total intracranial volume | Aortic pulse wave velocity | −0.007 (−0.014, −0.050−2) | −0.47 | 0.036 | 0.16 |
| Age | −0.001 (−0.002, 0.001) | −0.15 | 0.44 | ||
| Sex | 0.006 (−0.019, −0.030) | 0.088 | 0.64 | ||
| 24ABPM daytime systolic BP | 2.94−5 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.013 | 0.94 | ||
| Heart rate | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.18 | 0.28 | ||
| Healthy | |||||
| Gray matter/total intracranial volume | Excess pressure integral | 0.60−4 (−0.119−3, −0.200−5) | −0.23 | 0.043 | 0.68 |
| Age | −0.020 (−0.002, −0.001) | −0.49 | <0.001 | ||
| Sex | −0.028 (−0.039, −0.018) | −0.55 | <0.001 | ||
| 24ABPM daytime systolic BP | 4.30−5 (−0.390−3, 0.477−3) | 0.021 | 0.84 | ||
| Heart rate | 0.32−4 (−0.001, 0.001) | −0.010 | 0.93 | ||
| White matter lesion/total intracranial volume | Augmentation index | 5.91−5 (0.9−5, 0.12−3) | 0.52 | 0.021 | 0.16 |
| Age | 2.01−5 (0.29−4, 0.7−4) | 0.14 | 0.41 | ||
| Sex | 0.28−3 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.12 | 0.57 | ||
| 24ABPM daytime systolic BP | −0.10−4 (−0.39−4, 0.22−4) | −0.093 | 0.58 | ||
| Heart rate | 9.17−6 (−0.41−4, 0.59−4) | 0.060 | 0.71 | ||
| Central pulse pressure | 0.11−3 (0.28−3, 0.19−3) | 0.48 | 0.010 | 0.19 | |
| Age | 2.79−5 (−0.18−4, 0.74−4) | 0.19 | 0.23 | ||
| Sex | 0.12−3 (−0.001, 0.001) | −0.045 | 0.79 | ||
| 24ABPM daytime systolic BP | 0.17−4 (−0.49−4, 0.14−4) | −0.093 | 0.58 | ||
| Heart rate | 1.40−5 (−0.35−4, 0.63−4) | 0.091 | 0.57 |
R2 refers ANOVA adjusted R square and P value is for the independent variable. 24ABPM, 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure. All models adjusted for age, sex, ambulatory daytime systolic BP and heart rate.