Table 2. Resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, Malawi, 2010–2011.
| Resistance | Isolates from new cases (n = 1196) |
Isolates from retreatment cases (n = 581) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % (95% CI) | No. | % (95% CI) | ||
| Fully sensitive | 1116 | 93.3 (91.7–94.7) | 470 | 80.9 (77.5–84.0) | |
| Any resistancea | |||||
| R | 9 | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 38 | 6.5 (4.7–8.9) | |
| H | 38 | 3.2 (2.3–4.3) | 66 | 11.4 (8.9–14.2) | |
| E | 6 | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 18 | 3.1 (1.9–4.9) | |
| S | 50 | 4.2 (3.1–5.5) | 49 | 8.4 (6.3–11.0) | |
| Multidrug resistance | 5 | 0.4 (0.1–1.0) | 28 | 4.8 (3.2–6.9) | |
| RH | 2 | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 13 | 2.2 (1.2–3.8) | |
| RHE | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.0) | |
| RHS | 1 | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 6 | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | |
| RHES | 2 | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 8 | 1.4 (0.6–2.7) | |
| Other forms of resistance | 75 | 6.3 (5.0–7.8) | 83 | 14.3 (11.5–17.4) | |
| R only | 3 | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 9 | 1.5 (0.7–2.9) | |
| H only | 22 | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 32 | 5.5 (3.8–7.7) | |
| E only | 2 | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 4 | 0.7 (0.2–1.8) | |
| S only | 35 | 2.9 (2.1–4.1) | 30 | 5.2 (3.5–7.3) | |
| RS | 1 | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.6) | |
| RE | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.0) | |
| HE | 1 | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 2 | 0.3 (0.0–1.2) | |
| HS | 10 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 3 | 0.5 (0.1–1.5) | |
| ES | 1 | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.0) | |
| HES | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.0) | |
CI: confidence interval; E: ethambutol; H: isoniazid; R: rifampicin; S: streptomycin.
a Any resistance indicates resistance to the anti-tuberculosis medication tested, independent of resistance results to the other medications.