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. 2014 Jun 24;5:2041731414540674. doi: 10.1177/2041731414540674

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© The Author(s) 2014

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page(http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm).

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Figure 4. — (a) SEM micrographs of MSC cultured on 2D metallic disks for 21 days. MSC colonized the entire substrate surfaces and produced high amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM). Scale bar = 200 µm. (b) Gene expression levels for MSC cultured on 2D disks for 14 days. BSP was up-regulated for MSC cultured in OM. Levels of OC were slightly down-regulated for MSC cultured in OM on Ti, NiTi, and NiTi ST. Measurements are mean ± SD (n = 3).*p<0.05, **p<0.01, as compared to Ti ref in corresponding medium. (c) Alizarin Red Staining of 2D disks following 2 weeks of MSC culture depicting matrix mineralization for MSC cultured in OM on metallic disks.

CM: complete medium; OM: osteogenesis inducing medium; SEM: scanning electron microscope; MSC: mesenchymal stromal cells; 2D: two-dimensional; NiTi: nickel–titanium; SD: standard deviation.