Table 2.
Potential Etiologies of Hearing Loss Due to Different Viral Infections.
| Virus | Direct |
Indirect |
Unknown | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stria vascularis | Organ of Corti | Neuronal (cochlear, central) | Decreased immunity and secondary infection | Host immune response to viral antigen | ||
| CMV | x | |||||
| LCMV | x | |||||
| HIV | x | x | x | |||
| HSV | x | |||||
| Rubeolaa | x | x | ||||
| Mumps | x | x | x | |||
| Rubella | x | x | ||||
| WNV | x | |||||
| VZV | x | |||||
Note. CMV = cytomegalovirus; HSV = herpes simplex virus; LCMV = lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; VZV = varicella zoster virus; WNV = West Nile virus.
a
Rubeola is also hypothesized to cause otosclerosis via stimulation of abnormal osteoblastic activity in endochondral bone of the inner ear.