Fig. 1.

Recording of human primary motor cortex (M1) activity. (A) Participants completed a simple bi-manual FDI response task in response to visual cue. (B) Movement times were controlled and precisely recorded using a button press and EMG activity. (C) Data averaged with respect to the onset of EMG activity associated with the finger abduction. M1 can easily be identified by the generation of the PMBR following the offset of movement, seen in this example at 0.5 s post movement. (D) Active and passive window comparisons were made based upon pre-movement baseline and PMBR windows. (E) Single subject example of localized M1 cortex contralateral to movement (green) used as the location for virtual electrode recordings.