FIG. 8.

The on-chip treatments of CL2166 nematodes. Photomicrographs (200× magnification) are from the worms in chamber 1–5 after exposure to MnCl₂. The IOD was determined as described in the “Experimental” section (Sec. II). (a) Data were presented as mean IOD ± SD of the oxidative stress fluorescence of the strain CL2166 treated with MnCl₂. (b) Photomicrograph of the worm treated with MnCl₂ in chamber 1 (control group). (c)–(f) Photomicrographs of the worms treated with MnCl₂ in chambers 2–5. All the photomicrographs showed MnCl₂ can induce much stronger oxidative stress than the control group. The fluorescence intensity of the worms in chamber 3 is the maximum value. With the increasing concentration of MnCl₂, the fluorescence intensity decreases which can be explained that Mn of high concentration can cause the apoptosis of the somatic cell of the worms. The asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from the control group (***P < 0.001). 20–24 worms used in each assay, 24 h of exposure time and 3 independent assays under each condition.