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. 2014 Nov 6;5:428. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00428

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Copyright © 2014 Shui, Lee, Reining, Lee and Kotlikoff.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Timeline of development of optogenetic effectors and sensors. (B) Evolution of GCaMP2 improving basal fluorescence (F_0Ca²⁺) and dynamic range. (C) Improved performance of GCaMP8 to spike depolarizations in cultured neurons. Images from Ohkura et al. (2012a) (D) Response of R-GECO1 and RCaMP1.07 to a single spike. Images from Ohkura et al. (2012b) (E) Simultaneous imaging with Red and Green GECIs. Images from Ohkura et al. (2012b).