. 2014 Nov 3;5:1944–1965. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.5.205

Table 3.

Summary of all results obtained for PVP-coated silver nanoparticles.

investigated property	results	reference

physical properties	diameter of the metallic core of 70 nm; hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm; zeta potential of −20 mV	[33]
dispersability	dispersable in water; agglomeration in salt-containing solutions; good dispersability in the presence of proteins	[48]
dissolution	dissolves in the presence of oxygen under the release of silver ions	[20,33]
protein adsorption	enclosed by a protein corona in biological media	[55,69]
uptake by cells	endocytosis (hMSC, primary T-cells, primary monocytes, astrocytes)	[77–78,108]
visualization inside cells	fluorescence microscopy; X-ray microscopy; FIB/SEM	[77–78]; this work
cytotoxicity (particles prepared and stored under air)	hMSC: 25–50 µg mL⁻¹; primary T-cells: >50 µg mL⁻¹; primary monocytes: 50 µg mL⁻¹; astrocytes: no toxicity after 24 h exposure to 10 µg mL⁻¹ and after 4 h incubation with up to 30 µg mL⁻¹ for 4 h; HaCaT cells: ≥30 µg mL⁻¹	[33,48,108–109,139,142]
bactericidal effect	E. coli: 12.5 to 50 µg mL⁻¹; S. aureus: 20–50 µg mL⁻¹	[142]
genotoxicity	induces the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSB), chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges (CHO9, K1, V79B cell lines) at 5 µg mL⁻¹	this work
intratracheal instillation of rats	moderate pulmonary toxicity (250 µg Ag)	[124]
precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) (rat)	moderate pulmonary toxicity (30 µg Ag mL⁻¹)	[126]
epithelial airway barrier model, cultured at the air–liquid interface	transient increase in mRNA for TNF-α after 4 h for 3 µg Ag cm⁻²	[125]
skin exposure	penetration to 10–18 µm on porcine ear skin 16 h after application of 12 µg Ag cm⁻²	[138]