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. 2013 Nov 22;13:40. doi: 10.1186/1471-213X-13-40

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Copyright © 2013 Chiplunkar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Electron micrographs confirm disruption of the endothelial layer of the primary head vein in E9.5 KLF2-/-KLF4-/- embryos. Images were taken of the PHV at the level of the optic vesicle. The endothelial cell layer was pseudo-colored using GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) version 2.6 open-source digital photo editing software. A) WT embryo (n = 1) has a continuous endothelial layer with slight gaps less than 5 μm in length. B) Only slight gaps were observed in KLF4-/- embryo (n = 1). C) One of the two KLF2-/- embryos presented a few gaps of 8 μm and 7.5 μm in length. D) KLF2-/-KLF4-/- embryos (n = 2) had consistent disruptions of the endothelial membrane with gaps as long as 17 μm. PHV: primary head vein lumen: Endo: endothelial cell; Mes: mesenchymal cell.