Table 5.
∆ costs: first trial period (0
–
8months)
|
∆ change in costs per month during trial
|
∆ costs: entire trial period (36 months)
|
Model fit
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∆ mean estimate (SE) | P | ∆ initial slope (SE) | P | ∆ curvature (SE) | P | ∆ grand mean (SE) | P | AIC | |||
Costs per patient |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(A) Monthly costs of treatment |
∆ (SDC-OPC) |
720 (69) |
.00 |
−86 (7) |
.00 |
2 (0.2) |
.00 |
281 (33) |
.00 |
4814 |
|
Predictor effects within OPC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
∆ (APD - other PDs) |
264 (101) |
.01 |
−19 (12) |
ns |
0.4 (0.3) |
ns |
136 (43) |
.00 |
4813 |
||
∆ (BPD - other PDs) |
−11 (101) |
ns |
−8 (11) |
ns |
0.2 (0.3) |
ns |
61 (41) |
ns |
4819 |
||
(B) Monthly costs of emergency services |
∆ (SDC-OPC) |
−797 (500) |
ns |
45 (64) |
ns |
−0.4 (1.9) |
ns |
−331 (28) |
.00 |
5541 |
|
Moderator effects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
∆ (SDCAPD - OPCAPD) |
−2411 (829) |
.005 |
179 (109) |
ns |
−3.4 (3.3) |
ns |
−956 (120) |
.00 |
5547 |
||
∆ (SDCBPD - OPCBPD) |
−1451 (749) |
ns |
199 (95) |
.04 |
−4.9 (2.8) |
ns |
−303 (86) |
.00 |
5546 |
||
(C) Sum of all monthly costs |
∆ (SDC-OPC) |
10 (504) |
ns |
−53 (65) |
ns |
2 (2) |
ns |
7 (44) |
ns |
5625 |
|
Moderator effects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
∆ (SDCAPD - OPCAPD) |
−1717 (829) |
.04 |
92 (109) |
ns |
−1.3 (3.5) |
ns |
−905 (147) |
.00 |
5626 |
||
∆ (SDCBPD - OPCBPD) |
−639 (755) |
ns |
94 (96) |
ns |
−2.1 (3.0) |
ns |
−37 (88) |
ns |
5632 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean estimate (SE)
|
|
Incremental costs (SE)
|
|
SDC
|
OPC
|
||||||||||
(D) Sum of all costs over 36 months | All patients |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31823 (479) |
31607 (956) |
ns |
|
Moderator effects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predicted change: APD (not BPD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35524 (381) |
49728 (525) |
.00 |
−14204 (633) |
|
Predicted change: BPD (not APD) | 29709 (1275) | 21309 (2482) | ns |
Table 5 shows mixed-model estimates of (A) treatment, (B) emergency, and (C) total (all health service) costs (€) in models with treatment included as a predictor (SDC: the step-down condition, OPC: the outpatient condition). Monthly costs in the first trial period, change per month for the 0–36 month trial period, and grand means for the whole trial period are presented as: (1) ∆ (SDC-OPC): Differences (∆) between SDC and OPC. (2) Predictor effects within OPC: Cost differences for subgroups within OPC. (3) Moderator effects: Cost differences between SDC and OPC for subgroups of patients with (a) avoidant PD, APD: ∆ (SDCAPD - OPCAPD) and (b) borderline PD, BPD: ∆ (SDCBPD - OPCBPD). Estimates are presented as means with standard errors (SE). Akaikes Information Criterion (AIC) indicates goodness of fit for each model. Table 5 also shows (D): The sum of all costs over 36 months: Estimations of total 36-month costs and incremental costs (if significant SDC-OPC difference) based on mixed-model predicted values for all patients and subgroups with (a) avoidant and (b) borderline PD. P-values are presented if p < 0.05, ns indicates p > 0.05.