Table 2.
Total energy, macro, micro-nutrient intake by group at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention by group (mean, SD)
| Intervention | Control | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Baseline |
Mid-intervention |
Post-intervention |
Baseline |
Mid-intervention |
Post-intervention |
|
Number of participants |
34 |
33 |
32 |
37 |
36 |
35 |
|
Number of recalls |
63 |
64 |
61 |
69 |
68 |
67 |
|
Energy |
1528.65 |
1571.88* |
1525.56 |
1408.78 |
1401.13 |
1385.60 |
|
(kcal) |
(369.14) |
(412.71) |
(382.65) |
(493.38) |
(409.46) |
(376.02) |
|
Total fat |
56.22 |
54.49 |
56.93 |
51.60 |
50.81 |
50.09 |
|
(g) |
(18.42) |
(22.50) |
(17.13) |
(19.99) |
(15.95) |
(18.54) |
|
Total carbohydrate (g) |
205.00 |
215.23* |
196.62 |
187.81 |
187.85 |
185.36 |
| (58.92) |
(55.88) |
(57.28) |
(69.65) |
(63.48) |
(53.55) |
|
|
Total protein |
56.32 |
61.72* |
60.21* |
52.84 |
52.62 |
51.74 |
|
(g) |
(14.16) |
(19.67) |
(19.99) |
(19.60) |
(19.67) |
(17.19) |
|
Cholesterol |
146.46 |
163.07 |
186.38* |
136.86 |
142.25 |
137.91 |
|
(mg) |
(72.93) |
(148.65) |
(128.84) |
(70.16) |
(72.34) |
(83.26) |
|
Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) (g) |
19.55 |
19.23 |
20.15 |
19.23 |
17.93 |
18.20 |
| (6.90) |
(9.15) |
(6.86) |
(8.29) |
(6.39) |
(8.24) |
|
|
Total dietary |
12.03* |
14.58*† |
11.06 |
10.10 |
9.99 |
10.00 |
|
Fiber (g) |
(4.39) |
(5.06) |
(4.73) |
(4.42) |
(4.02) |
(11.06) |
|
Soluble dietary |
4.37 |
4.88* |
4.13 |
3.44 |
3.23 |
3.62 |
|
Fiber (g) |
(3.03) |
(2.16) |
(2.22) |
(2.17) |
(1.19) |
(1.75) |
|
Insoluble dietary fiber (g) |
7.61 |
9.63*† |
6.87 |
6.65 |
6.70 |
6.29 |
| (2.50) |
(3.21) |
(3.26) |
(2.89) |
(3.11) |
(2.86) |
|
|
Fiber density |
8.00* |
9.49*† |
7.32 |
7.09 |
7.11 |
7.19 |
|
(g/1000 kcals) |
(2.53) |
(2.80) |
(2.96) |
(1.79) |
(2.18) |
(2.55) |
|
Calcium |
848.32 |
953.13 |
907.97 |
868.46 |
829.47 |
771.33 |
|
(mg) |
(340.05) |
(398.33) |
(336.79) |
(378.11) |
(383.04) |
(353.85) |
|
% calories from fat |
32.20 |
29.68† |
32.98 |
31.90 |
32.04 |
31.47 |
| (6.82) |
(6.95) |
(6.31) |
(4.75) |
(5.31) |
(6.02) |
|
|
% calories from carbohydrate |
52.62 |
54.41 |
50.77 |
52.79 |
52.39 |
53.33 |
| (7.50) |
(8.32) |
(7.43) |
(6.65) |
(6.40) |
(7.76) |
|
|
% calories from protein |
15.22 |
15.94 |
16.28 |
15.37 |
15.62 |
15.23 |
| (3.56) |
(3.33) |
(3.93) |
(3.63) |
(4.14) |
(3.44) |
|
|
Added sugars |
59.47 |
61.40 |
53.48 |
53.29 |
57.27 |
50.59 |
| (g) | (30.84) | (37.90) | (30.55) | (30.26) | (34.80) | (28.62) |
*Intervention greater than control (p < 0.05).
†Significant from baseline (p < 0.05).