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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Physiol. 2014 Apr;4(2):805–826. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c130026

Figure 8.

Figure 8

. Proposed pathophysiological classification of primary chronic autonomic failure. According to this schema, PD with autonomic failure (PD-AF) features a postganglionic, sympathetic, noradrenergic lesion, whereas the parkinsonian form of multiple system atrophy (MSAP) does not.