Figure 3. Spatial and temporal variation in allele frequencies.

(A) Genomic distribution of clinal (black line) and seasonal SNPs (red line) per megabase per common polymorphism used in this study (Table S1). (B). Enrichment (log₂ odds ratio) of seasonal SNPs with spatial F_ST greater than or equal to value on x-axis relative to control SNPs. (C) Enrichment (log₂ odds ratio) of seasonal SNPs with –log₁₀(spatial q-value) greater than or equal to value on x-axis relative to control SNPs. (D) Absolute difference between average spring (blue) and fall (red) frequencies in the Pennsylvanian population and frequency estimates along the cline. Confidence bands represent 95% confidence intervals based on blocked bootstrap resampling.