TABLE 1. Description of 15 Reports on the Diagnostic Criteria of Atypical (Lumbar) SD.

Year	Country	Authors	Criteria of Atypical (Lumbar) SD
1976	The Netherlands	Rogge and Nieman	Paradiscal defects and the development of vertebral stenosis36
1981	United States	Cleveland and Delong	Disc space narrowing, Schmorl node28
1987	United States	Blumenthal et al	Only 1 or 2 (wedged) vertebral bodies, vertebral endplate changes, disc space narrowing, and anterior Schmorl nodes16
1993	United States	Mandell et al	One or 2 (wedged) vertebral bodies, anterior Schmorl node herniations, and disc space narrowing26
1994	United States	Heithoff et al	“… manifested by disc space narrowing, disc dehydration, endplate irregularity, wedging of anterior vertebral body margins, and the presence of Schmorl nodes. Three of these criteria were necessary to diagnose thoracolumbar Scheuermann disease.”17
1994	France	Linthoudt and Revel	Adopted Blumenthal criteria34
1995	Denmark	Harreby et al	One or more vertebrae wedged at least 5° and irregularity of the superior and inferior endplate, or narrowing of the disc space in connection with the wedged vertebra37
2002	United States	Gustavel and Beals	“…endplate irregularities in only 1 or 2 vertebrae, anterior Schmorl nodes, and disk-space narrowing, but no anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies.”38
2003	Finland	Karppinen et al	“Scheuermann disease was diagnosed if either endplate irregularities or Schmorl nodules and 2 of the other 3 criteria (disk space narrowing, disk dehydration, and wedging of anterior vertebral body margins) were present at 3 or more adjacent disk levels from T10–T11 to L3–L4.”20
2008	United Kingdom	Summers et al	“…endplate irregularities and disc narrowing in the lumbar spine or thoracolumbar junction, but with no abnormal kyphosis.”39
2009	United States	Kruse and Lemmen	Anterior vertebral body wedging, endplate irregularity, disc space narrowing, and Schmorl nodes32
2011	Korea	Song and Yang	“…characterized by the significance of SNs and endplate irregularity at the thoracolumbar junction without severe clinical kyphosis.”40
2013	Switzerland	Hasler	Disc herniation into the vertebral body, anterior endplate lesions, and disk space narrowing41
2013	Spain	Lucas-García et al	Schmorl hernias in 1 or 2 vertebral bodies, narrowing of disc space, and changes in vertebral endplates42
2014	China	Liu et al	“The fulfillment of 4 signs that must include SN, IE, and WV of the aforementioned 5 signs (SN, IE, WV, disc-space narrowing and disc dehydration) is necessary to diagnose (atypical) SD.”25

WV indicates wedged vertebrae; SN, Schmorl node; IE, irregular endplate; SD, Scheuermann disease.