Figure 3. Analysis of nlp20 (PpNLP) recognition systems in various plant families.

Ethylene formation elicited by 1 µM synthetic nlp20 (PpNLP) peptide 4 hours upon infiltration into leaves of the plant species indicated. Water and flg22 treatments served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Bars represent means ± SD of three replicates and asterisks mark significant differences to water control treatments as determined by Student's t test, *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01. Pep-13 from P. sojae transglutaminase was used as a positive control for P. crispum (a). Assays were performed in triplicate with similar results.