Excursion model. The MAP kinase modules start out with a Ser/Thr kinase, the MAP3K, and end with a Ser/Thr kinase, the MAPK. However, the phosphorylation of the MAPK requires an excursion into Tyr kinase activity that precedes the activating phosphorylation of the threonine of the MAPK. The phosphorylation of the MAP2K generates a catalytically competent Tyr kinase. To see this figure in color, go online.