Table 4.

Changes in ejection fraction in yoga and control groups after post-CABG rehabilitation.

	Group	Baseline		6th week			6th month			1 year
		n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	Wilcoxon p value	n	Mean ± SD	Wilcoxon p value	n	Mean ± SD	Wilcoxon p value
EF Total	Y	129	52.22 ± 6.69	111	54.58 ± 5.80	0.001	106	54.96 ± 5.38	0.001	89	55.91 ± 5.21	0.001
	C	121	53.39 ± 7.14	96	53.85 ± 6.33	0.001	102	53.94 ± 6.68	0.001	76	54.12 ± 6.84	0.001
Mann Whitney	p value		0.16		0.38			0.9			0.5
EF ≤53 Median	Y	69	47.36 ± 5.23	61	51.61 ± 6.15	0.001	55	52.42 ± 5.89	0.001	49	53.28 ± 5.69	0.001
	C	60	47.07 ± 5.68	50	49.0 ± 5.55	0.001	48	48.72 ± 6.29	0.001	33	48.89 ± 6.76	0.001
Mann Whitney	p Value		0.63		0.24			0.43			0.02*
EF ≥53 Median	Y	60	57.87 ± 2.31	50	58.03 ± 2.66	0.001	51	58.34 ± 2.55	0.001	40	58.53 ± 2.27	0.001
	C	61	58.72 ± 2.05	46	57.94 ± 3.37	0.001	54	57.96 ± 5.38	0.001	43	55.91 ± 5.21	0.001
Mann Whitney	p Value		0.04*		0.55			0.98			0.38

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.

Legend: Yoga group showed significantly better increase in EF than control group in those with abnormal baseline EF (EF ≤ 53, median). There was significant improvement in both groups with no significant difference between groups at each point of follow up. In subgroup with abnormal baseline EF (≤53, median) there was progressive increase in EF in both yoga and control groups. Yoga group improved better than control group all along and the Mann Whitney showed significant p values (p = 0.02) at one year. In the subgroup with normal baseline EF (≥53, median), the yoga group showed continuing increase in EF, while there was a decrease in EF at all points in the control group. The Mann Whitney did not show significant difference between groups at any of these points of follow up.

Abbreviations: Y: yoga group (yoga life style program); C: control (physiotherapy life style program); SD: standard deviation; EF: Ejection Fraction.