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Schematic representation of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants.
The activities of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1 and 4 (CCD1 and CCD4) according to Huang et al. (2009) are shown. Although CCD1 and CCD4 enzymes cleave carotenoids at the same positions (9,10 and 9′,10’), CCD4 enzymes are more substrate-specific than CCD1. Moreover, the CCD1 enzymes are located in the cytoplasm, while CCD4 enzymes are located in plastids.
