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Cytokine levels after CLP. Balb/c mice were subjected to sham surgery or CLP. Levels of HMGB1 (a), TNF (b), IL-6 (c) and CXCL1 (d) were measured in plasma collected from control mice and murine sepsis survivors at 1–12 weeks after surgery as indicated. Values are mean ± SD (n = 5 mice/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.
