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. 2014 Nov 7;4:6953. doi: 10.1038/srep06953

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(a) Schematic device configuration of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃-based perovskite solar cells and (b) the corresponding energy levels of each layer. The J-V curves of devices made (c) without and (d) with the use of the CHP additive. (e) Statistical analysis of the photovoltaic parameters of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite solar cells processed without and with the CHP additive. Note that top and bottom of the boxes is the 75–25 percentile and blue diamond symbols represent outliers in box plots.