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(a) Flexoelectricity in rod-like and banana-shaped nematic LCs due to slay and bend deformations of the director n. (b) Flexoelectricity in biological membranes due to bending curvature described by surface gradients of the unit normal k. The correspondence between nematic flexoelectricity and membrane flexoelectricity is obtained when the director n is identified with the membrane unit normal k (adapted from [11]). (Online version in colour.)
