Table 3.
Group Means and Standard Deviations on Executive Function, Theory of Mind, and Social Adjustment
| Severe TBI (n=19) | Mild/Mod TBI (n=41) | OI (n=57) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F (116) | p | η2 | |
| Executive Function | 77.99 (21.29) | 86.94 (19.67) | 93.18 (19.54) | 4.37 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| Theory of Mind | 45.29 (18.66) | 61.77 (18.51) | 65.13 (17.27) | 8.83 | <0.01 | 0.13 |
| Social Adjustment | ||||||
| BASC-2 Social Skills | 47.84 (12.93) | 52.73 (11.42) | 51.24 (9.81) | 1.28 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
| BASC-2 BSI | 55.42 (14.83) | 51.53 (12.85) | 48.46 (8.14) | 2.79 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| ABAS-II Communication | 9.37 (3.20) | 11.00 (2.27) | 11.28 (2.27) | 4.47 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| ABAS-II Social Skills | 7.68 (4.31) | 10.49 (3.04) | 9.95 (3.06) | 4.90 | <0.01 | 0.08 |
| ABAS-II Self-Direction | 8.11 (4.05) | 9.93 (3.09) | 9.49 (3.22) | 1.97 | 0.14 | 0.03 |
TBI, traumatic brain injury; OI, orthopedic injury; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; BSI, Behavioral Symptom Index; BASC-2, Behavior Assessment System for Children-Second Edition; ABAS-II, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-Second Edition. Executive Function is presented as a standard score, with a normative mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, averaged across four measures of executive function. Theory of Mind is presented as percent correct, averaged across three measures of theory of mind. BASC-2 subscales are presented as T scores, with a normative mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10; higher scores on the BSI, and lower scores on the Social Skills scale, indicate more problematic functioning. ABAS subscales are presented as scaled scores, with a normative mean of 10 and standard deviation of 3; lower scores indicate more problematic functioning.