Table 2.
Frequency of transformation in cereals and grasses mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
| Species, Genotype | Target explant | Independent events explant | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rice (Oryza sativa L.), japonica (eg. Nipponbare, Koshihikari) | Immature embryo | 18.0* | Hiei and Komari (2008) |
| Rice (Oryza sativa L.), indica (eg. IR64, IR72) | Immature embryo | 15.0* | Hiei and Komari (2008) |
| Rice (Oryza sativa L.), japonica (eg. Nipponbare, Koshihikari) | Callus | 0.9 | Hiei and Komari (2008) |
| Maize (Zea mays L.), A188 | Immature embryo | 0.5 | Ishida et al. (2007) |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Fielder | Immature embryo | 0.9 | Ishida et al. (2014) |
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Golden Promise | Immature embryo | 0.87 | Hensel et al. (2008) |
| Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), Tx430 | Immature embryo | 0.33 | Wu et al. (2014) |
| Rye (Secale cereale L.) | Immature embryo | 0.03 | Popelka and Altpeter (2003) |
| Oats (Avena sativa L.) | Immature embryo | 0.12 | Gasparis et al. (2008) |
| Fox tail millet (Setaria italica L.) | Callus | 0.06 | Wang et al. (2011) |
| Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) | Callus | 0.04 | Antony Ceasar and Ignacimuthu (2011) |
| Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] | Callus | 0.03 | Ramadevi et al. (2014) |
| Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) | Pre-cultured seed | 0.45 | Mayavan et al. (2013) |
| Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) | Callus | 0.05 | Salehi et al. (2005) |
| Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) | Callus | 0.03 | Yu et al. (2000) |
| Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) | Callus | 0.07 | Lee et al. (2010) |
| Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) | Callus | 0.2 | Patel et al. (2013) |
| Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) | Callus | 0.08 | Dong and Qu (2005) |
| Zoysia japonica Steud. | Stolon node | 0.07 | Ge et al. (2006) |
| Switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.) | Callus | 1.0 | Li and Qu (2011) |
| Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis Andersson) | Callus | 0.01 | Hwang et al. (2014) |
| Brachypodium distachyon (L.) | Callus | 0.67 | Steinwand et al. (2013) |
High end values found in the literature are displayed. *The explants were sectioned into pieces after the co-cultivation so that many transgenic events were recovered from a single original explant.