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. 2014 Nov 7;5:417. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00417

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Copyright © 2014 Burghaus, Coboeken, Gaub, Niederalt, Sensse, Siegmund, Weiss, Mueck, Tanigawa and Lippert.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of the processes accounted for by the coagulation model. The blood coagulation model represents the biochemical reactions that result in factor activation. The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of the model lead to thrombin and fibrin formation downstream of Factor Xa, known as the common pathway. Drug action is represented by the competitive inhibition of Factor Xa by rivaroxaban and by down-regulation of the vitamin K-dependent synthesis (arched arrow) of the factors VII, IX, and X, and prothrombin (Factor II) by warfarin. These structural elements of the coagulation cascade, as well as proteins C and S (not depicted), formed the basis of the model by Burghaus et al. (2011).