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. 2014 Nov 7;8:134. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00134

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Copyright © 2014 Gozal, O'Neill, Sawchuk, Zhu, Halder, Chou and Hochman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Tyramine and tryptamine increase motor activity. (A) Tryptamine and tyramine increased lumbar ventral root activity while PEA was without effect. (B₁) Dorsal root stimulation evoked reflexes (left) were abolished when synaptic transmission was blocked in high Mg²⁺ (6.5 mM), low Ca²⁺ (0.85 mM) containing aCSF (right). (B₂) Under these conditions, direct excitatory actions were still observed for tryptamine and tyramine. (C) Changes in ventral root activity were quantified compared to baseline activity levels with and without synaptic transmission (^* indicates p < 0.05 and ^** indicates p < 0.01). Samples sizes are listed.