TABLE 1.
Impact of the acute phase response to infection on energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism1
| Metabolic indicator | Impact of infection |
| Energy | ↓ Dietary intake due to appetite suppression, ↑ energy expenditure to produce fever |
| Macronutrient | |
| Protein | ↑ Muscle protein wasting, ↑ hepatic protein synthesis |
| Carbohydrate | ↑ Blood glucose due to insulin resistance, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis |
| Fat | ↑ Peripheral lipolysis, ↑ hepatic TG and VLDL synthesis, ↓ serum cholesterol |
1
↑, increase; ↓, decrease.