TABLE 2.
Prospective cohort studies of SSBs and body weight among adults1
| First author (ref) | Sample (baseline) | Duration | Diet assessment | Outcome measure | Statistical adjustments | Results for associations between SSBs and outcomes |
| Mozaffarian2 (14) | n = 50,422 | 20 y | FFQ | Self-report of height and weight | Adequate | +0.95-lb weight change over 4 y per SSB increase of 1.0 serving/d |
| Age: 52.2 ± 7.2 y | ||||||
| Sex: F | ||||||
| Mozaffarian2 (14) | n = 47,898 | 12 y | FFQ | Self-report of height and weight | Adequate | +1.16-lb weight change over 4 y per SSB increase of 1.0 serving/d |
| Age: 37.5 ± 4.1 y | ||||||
| Sex: F | ||||||
| Mozaffarian2 (14) | n = 22,557 | 20 y | FFQ | Self-report of height and weight | Adequate | +0.88-lb weight change over 4 y per SSB increase of 1.0 serving/d |
| Age: 50.8 ± 7.5 y | ||||||
| Sex: M | ||||||
| Odegaard (62) | n = 43,580 | 5.7 y | FFQ | Self-report of height and weight | Adequate | +1.1-lb weight change over 5.7 y per baseline SSB difference of ≥2.0 servings/wk |
| Age: 45–74 y | ||||||
| Sex: F, M | ||||||
| Chen (63) | n = 810 | 18 mo | 24-h recalls | Directly measured height and weight | Adequate | +1.10-lb weight change at 6 mo and +1.65-lb weight change at 18 mo per increase in SSBs of 1 serving/d |
| Age: 25–79 y | ||||||
| Sex: F, M | ||||||
| Duffey (45) | n = 2774 | 20 y | Diet history interview | Directly measured waist circumference | Adequate | +9% increase in incidence of elevated waist circumference per quartile difference (∼100 kcal/d) in distribution of baseline SSB intake |
| Age: 18–35 y | ||||||
| Sex: F, M | ||||||
| Palmer (64) | n = 43,960 | 6 y | FFQ | Self-report | Adequate | +6.8-lb change over 6 y for SSB increase of ≥1 serving/d (n = 880) |
| Age: 21–69 y | +4.1-lb change over 6 y for SSB decrease of ≥1 serving/d (n = 1472) | |||||
| Sex: F | ||||||
| Bes-Rastrollo (65) | n = 7194 | 29 mo (median) | FFQ | Self-report of height and weight | Adequate | +1.55 odds of excess weight gain for those in highest vs. lowest quintile of baseline SSB intake; association only observed among those with a history of weight gain |
| Age: 41 ± 12 y | ||||||
| Sex: F, M | ||||||
| Fowler (12) | n = 3682 | 8 y | FFQ | Directly measured height and weight | No adjustment for other dietary factors | No association observed after adjustment for ASB intake |
| Age: 25–64 y | ||||||
| Sex: F, M | ||||||
| Kvaavik (66) | n = 422 | 8 y | FFQ | Self-report of height and weight | No adjustment for other dietary factors other than energy intake | No association |
| Age: 23–27 y | ||||||
| Sex: F, M | ||||||
| French (67) | n = 3552 | 2 y | FFQ | Directly measured height and weight | Adequate | No association |
| Age: 38 ± 10 y | ||||||
| Sex: F, M |
1
ASB, artificially sweetened beverage; lb, pound; ref, reference; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage. To convert lb to kg, divide lb by 2.2.
2
Three cohort studies were reported in the same publication. Another earlier article by Schulze et al. (68) also reported similar findings for the Nurses’ Health Study II.