Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics
| Characteristic | Controls (N = 90) |
Patients (N = 90) |
Significance |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | T-value/χ2 | P-value (2-tailed) | |
| Age (in years) | 30.71 | 11.99 | 32.93 | 11.25 | 1.28 | 0.20 |
| Gender (% male) | 66 | 73 | 1.13 | 0.26 | ||
| Father's education (in years) | 14.37 | 3.21 | 13.67 | 3.47 | 1.42 | 0.16 |
| Mother's education (in years) | 13.99 | 2.81 | 13.50 | 2.92 | 1.15 | 0.25 |
| Participant's education (in years) | 15.24 | 2.22 | 13.18 | 2.21 | 6.26* | <0.001 |
| Handedness (% right) | 84.21 | 80.00 | 0.85 | 0.40 | ||
| Signal-to-noise | 215.37 | 45.25 | 206.81 | 62.05 | 1.06 | 0.30 |
| IQ estimate | 106.77 | 8.92 | 97.78 | 15.71 | 4.55* | <0.001 |
| Medication (CPZ equivalents) | — | — | 229.00 | 195.81 | — | — |
| PANSS positive symptoms | — | — | 15.80 | 4.73 | — | — |
| PANSS negative symptoms | — | — | 14.34 | 5.53 | — | — |
| PANSS general psychopathology | — | — | 30.48 | 7.18 | — | — |
| PANSS total psychopathology | — | — | 60.51 | 14.25 | — | — |
Notes: Age, education levels, parental education, age at diagnosis, and duration of illness are expressed in years.
PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; IQ: intelligence quotient.
*A significant T-statistic for the between-group t-test. For bipolar and schizophrenia replication sample demographics, see Supplementary Tables 3 and 4.