Table 3.
Enriched GO Terms Identified based on Ka Sorting in Both RNA-Seq Libraries for Fast-Evolving Genes in Cephalochordate Evolution
| GO ID | Term | Category | FDR |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| asymAD | asym20h | |||
| GO:0004888 | Transmembrane signaling receptor activity | F | 4.69 × 10−11 | 4.20 × 10−6 |
| GO:0042330 | Taxis | P | 2.84 × 10−7 | 2.46 × 10−4 |
| GO:0044459 | Plasma membrane part | C | 2.84 × 10−7 | 2.91 × 10−6 |
| GO:0005886 | Plasma membrane | C | 3.75 × 10−7 | 2.28 × 10−5 |
| GO:0007155 | Cell adhesion | P | 3.93 × 10−7 | 2.32 × 10−9 |
| GO:0031012 | Extracellular matrix | C | 4.55 × 10−7 | 5.09 × 10−16 |
| GO:0004930 | G-protein coupled receptor activity | F | 6.29 × 10−7 | 3.42 × 10−4 |
| GO:0006935 | Chemotaxis | P | 7.08 × 10−7 | 1.34 × 10−4 |
| GO:0044707 | Single–multicellular organism process | P | 2.29 × 10−6 | 4.75 × 10−5 |
| GO:0051239 | Regulation of multicellular organismal process | P | 4.70 × 10−6 | 8.81 × 10−7 |
| GO:0044421 | Extracellular region part | C | 5.88 × 10−6 | 4.51 × 10−14 |
| GO:0007411 | Axon guidance | P | 1.42 × 10−5 | 1.93 × 10−3 |
| GO:0005216 | Ion channel activity | F | 1.43 × 10−5 | 3.62 × 10−3 |
| GO:0022838 | Substrate-specific channel activity | F | 1.73 × 10−5 | 4.44 × 10−3 |
| GO:0005262 | Calcium channel activity | F | 2.30 × 10−5 | 6.49 × 10−4 |
| GO:0015267 | Channel activity | F | 2.33 × 10−5 | 2.41 × 10−3 |
| GO:0022803 | Passive transmembrane transporter activity | F | 2.33 × 10−5 | 2.41 × 10−3 |
| GO:0048666 | Neuron development | P | 2.33 × 10−5 | 4.44 × 10−3 |
| GO:0044425 | Membrane part | C | 3.06 × 10−5 | 3.66 × 10−4 |
| GO:0032501 | Multicellular organismal process | P | 3.54 × 10−5 | 1.62 × 10−4 |
| GO:0005578 | Proteinaceous extracellular matrix | C | 5.06 × 10−5 | 6.53 × 10−8 |
| GO:0002689 | Negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis | P | 5.15 × 10−5 | 2.05 × 10−5 |
| GO:0031175 | Neuron projection development | P | 7.86 × 10−5 | 2.41 × 10−3 |
| GO:0007166 | Cell surface receptor signaling pathway | P | 9.19 × 10−5 | 2.53 × 10−4 |
| GO:0048699 | Generation of neurons | P | 1.39 × 10−4 | 4.09 × 10−4 |
| GO:0065008 | Regulation of biological quality | P | 1.41 × 10−4 | 1.10 × 10−2 |
| GO:0005261 | Cation channel activity | F | 1.44 × 10−4 | 2.86 × 10−2 |
| GO:0022836 | Gated channel activity | F | 1.44 × 10−4 | 7.27 × 10−3 |
| GO:0022839 | Ion-gated channel activity | F | 1.44 × 10−4 | 7.27 × 10−3 |
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | P | 2.00 × 10−4 | 3.72 × 10−2 |
| GO:0021834 | Chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration | P | 2.00 × 10−4 | 9.32 × 10−4 |
| GO:0035385 | Roundabout signaling pathway | P | 2.00 × 10−4 | 1.43 × 10−3 |
| GO:0051414 | Response to cortisol stimulus | P | 2.00 × 10−4 | 9.32 × 10−4 |
| GO:0061364 | Apoptotic process involved in luteolysis | P | 2.00 × 10−4 | 1.43 × 10−3 |
| GO:0070100 | Negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | P | 2.00 × 10−4 | 1.43 × 10−3 |
| GO:0001960 | Negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | P | 2.73 × 10−4 | 1.23 × 10−2 |
| GO:0006928 | Cellular component movement | P | 2.73 × 10−4 | 4.59 × 10−6 |
| GO:0048495 | Roundabout binding | F | 3.44 × 10−4 | 9.32 × 10−4 |
| GO:0009605 | Response to external stimulus | P | 4.37 × 10−4 | 2.28 × 10−5 |
| GO:0048731 | System development | P | 4.86 × 10−4 | 3.65 × 10−4 |
| GO:0009888 | Tissue development | P | 6.42 × 10−4 | 4.71 × 10−5 |
| GO:0040011 | Locomotion | P | 9.94 × 10−4 | 1.82 × 10−4 |
| GO:0015276 | Ligand-gated ion channel activity | F | 1.04 × 10−3 | 1.81 × 10−2 |
| GO:0030198 | Extracellular matrix organization | P | 1.04 × 10−3 | 3.65 × 10−4 |
| GO:0001948 | Glycoprotein binding | F | 1.51 × 10−3 | 7.65 × 10−8 |
| GO:0030154 | Cell differentiation | P | 1.79 × 10−3 | 8.44 × 10−4 |
| GO:0021772 | Olfactory bulb development | P | 1.80 × 10−3 | 7.69 × 10−4 |
| GO:0009653 | Anatomical structure morphogenesis | P | 2.03 × 10−3 | 3.76 × 10−6 |
| GO:0048846 | Axon extension involved in axon guidance | P | 2.20 × 10−3 | 1.71 × 10−3 |
| GO:0007610 | Behavior | P | 2.51 × 10−3 | 3.60 × 10−3 |
| GO:0072358 | Cardiovascular system development | P | 2.74 × 10−3 | 1.01 × 10−6 |
| GO:0032101 | Regulation of response to external stimulus | P | 2.84 × 10−3 | 1.65 × 10−3 |
| GO:0050920 | Regulation of chemotaxis | P | 2.84 × 10−3 | 4.59 × 10−4 |
| GO:0051606 | Detection of stimulus | P | 2.84 × 10−3 | 2.85 × 10−2 |
| GO:0009986 | Cell surface | C | 3.19 × 10−3 | 2.55 × 10−3 |
| GO:0050900 | Leukocyte migration | P | 3.31 × 10−3 | 5.90 × 10−5 |
| GO:0032879 | Regulation of localization | P | 4.65 × 10−3 | 2.32 × 10−4 |
| GO:0044420 | Extracellular matrix part | C | 5.20 × 10−3 | 8.87 × 10−6 |
| GO:0031224 | Intrinsic to membrane | C | 6.41 × 10−3 | 3.33 × 10−2 |
| GO:0048513 | Organ development | P | 6.56 × 10−3 | 1.13 × 10−3 |
| GO:0007275 | Multicellular organismal development | P | 7.76 × 10−3 | 3.51 × 10−4 |
| GO:0043394 | Proteoglycan binding | F | 8.24 × 10−3 | 9.79 × 10−4 |
| GO:0006816 | Calcium ion transport | P | 8.72 × 10−3 | 2.41 × 10−3 |
| GO:0007417 | Central nervous system development | P | 9.18 × 10−3 | 2.41 × 10−3 |
| GO:0021537 | Telencephalon development | P | 1.02 × 10−2 | 1.40 × 10−3 |
| GO:0042221 | Response to chemical stimulus | P | 1.11 × 10−2 | 4.51 × 10−3 |
| GO:0060326 | Cell chemotaxis | P | 1.41 × 10−2 | 1.43 × 10−3 |
| GO:0014912 | Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | P | 1.57 × 10−2 | 6.12 × 10−5 |
| GO:0032102 | Negative regulation of response to external stimulus | P | 1.74 × 10−2 | 1.55 × 10−2 |
| GO:0016477 | Cell migration | P | 1.90 × 10−2 | 4.09 × 10−4 |
| GO:0051674 | Localization of cell | P | 2.56 × 10−2 | 1.42 × 10−3 |
| GO:0006929 | Substrate-dependent cell migration | P | 3.40 × 10−2 | 2.86 × 10−2 |
| GO:0035295 | Tube development | P | 3.73 × 10−2 | 1.23 × 10−3 |
| GO:0001568 | Blood vessel development | P | 3.80 × 10−2 | 8.29 × 10−6 |
| GO:0034220 | Ion transmembrane transport | P | 4.57 × 10−2 | 1.20 × 10−2 |
| GO:0051240 | Positive regulation of multicellular organismal process | P | 4.81 × 10−2 | 3.51 × 10−3 |
Note.—For the GO term category column, “C” stands for cellular component, “F” for biological function, and “P” biological process. The statistical significance was assessed by Fisher’s exact test with FDR correction.
FDR = false discover rate.