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. 2014 Aug 28;18(11):2213–2224. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12353

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. PBMC (2 × 105/well) from RA patients (n = 25) and healthy control (n = 20) were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) in 200 μl culture media in 96-well plates. Supernatants were collected after 24 hrs and tested for IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), TNF-α (C), IL-22 (D), or IL-10 (E). The data are expressed as box plots. Each box represents the IQR. Lines inside the boxed represent the median. Whiskers represent the highest and lowest values. *P < 0.05, versus control (Mann–Whitney U-test). Cell pellets were collected after 24 hrs and mRNA expression of Il-23 (F) or Il-12p35 were detected (G). The expression of Il-23 or Il-12p35 mRNA in RA patients (n = 6) is shown as relative levels compared with healthy controls (n = 6). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, versus control (Student’s t-test).