. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 May 7;231(23):4489–4501. doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3598-y

Table 1.

Total number of errors (mean ± S.E.M.) during each phase of the strategy set shifting task in rats with adult-onset and adolescent-onset cocaine or saline exposure.

Cocaine-Onset Age	Treatment Condition	Initial Set	Set Shift	Reversal Learning
Adult	Yoked-Saline	28.5 ± 11.9	23.9 ± 3.4	52.0 ± 8.8
	Yoked-Cocaine	21.0 ± 5.7	22.7 ± 5.7	32.6 ± 4.3 ^c
	Self-Administered Cocaine	31.4 ± 7.1	11.5 ± 2.9 ^b	29.0 ± 4.1 ^c
Adolescent	Yoked-Saline	91.6 ± 31.6 ^a	18.1 ± 3.9	40.0 ± 5.3
	Yoked-Cocaine	43.5 ± 16.3 ^a	17.6 ± 1.4	44.6 ± 5.3
	Self-Administered Cocaine	64.9 ± 18.9 ^a	22.9 ± 5.3	31.5 ± 3.5

p ≤ 0.02 compared to adult-onset treatment conditions (main effect of age);

p ≤ 0.05 compared to age-matched yoked-saline and yoked-cocaine treatment conditions;

p ≤ 0.05 compared to the age-matched yoked-saline treatment condition.